EVs stabilize microgrid frequency through coordinated V2G and G2V control

⚡ AI Executive Summary

Researchers have developed and validated a frequency regulation strategy for microgrids that leverages electric vehicles as distributed energy resources. The system dynamically switches EV charging and discharging modes based on battery state-of-charge and grid conditions, using a bidirectional converter to enable seamless power flow. Simulation and hardware testing demonstrated that coordinated V2G and G2V operation maintains grid frequency within tight tolerances during load disturbances. This work highlights an emerging opportunity for grid operators and utilities to harness aggregated EV fleets as virtual storage assets supporting real-time ancillary services. Rather than treating EV charging as a passive load, the approach transforms vehicles into active grid participants that absorb or inject power on demand. As microgrids become more common in distributed energy architectures, the ability to coordinate diverse flexible loads—particularly EVs—will be critical for maintaining stability without additional centralized generation or battery storage. The validated control framework offers a practical pathway for integrating transport electrification with grid resilience objectives.