As electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles proliferate globally, transportation charging infrastructure faces mounting pressure on electrical grids. A new integrated energy management framework addresses this challenge by combining EV charging stations, hydrogen refueling facilities, and mobile charging units within a single hybrid energy system powered primarily by renewable sources.
The system employs a priority-based optimization approach that coordinates multiple energy streams: solar and wind generation, on-site hydrogen production, battery storage, grid interaction, and mobile charging unit deployment. By using lexicographic optimization with demand-side flexibility modeling, the framework maximizes renewable utilization while minimizing grid dependency and operational costs.
Key performance results demonstrate significant improvements over conventional approaches. Renewable energy penetration reached 95% across all operational scenarios, while grid reliance dropped to just 13.47%—a reduction of 86.53% compared to baseline grids. The multiobjective optimization enhanced economic performance by approximately 19% and improved customer satisfaction metrics by 95% across seasonal variations.
Mobile charging units provide crucial flexibility, functioning as distributed storage assets that can relocate to match demand patterns and support grid stability. This mobility transforms charging infrastructure from fixed assets into dynamic resources capable of responding to both supply and demand fluctuations.
The integrated approach delivers several industry advantages: reduced electricity network congestion, lower operational costs through renewable prioritization, decreased carbon emissions from transportation, and improved grid resilience through distributed generation and storage. By treating EV charging, hydrogen production, and grid services as interconnected rather than separate functions, the system creates synergies unavailable to standalone facilities.
These results suggest that multienergy charging hubs represent a scalable solution for regions transitioning toward electrified and hydrogen-based transportation while managing grid constraints. Implementation requires coordination between utilities, charging operators, and renewable developers but promises substantial economic and sustainability benefits.
